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Staphylococcus aureus
G+ cocci in clusters
nonmotile
usually yellow pigmented ("golden")
staphyloxanthin
E.coli
O157:H7
peritrichously flagellated
Gram-negative rods
Listeria monocytogenes
small G+ rods, often coccobacilli
peritrichous flagella
Campylobacter jejuni
S-shaped or spiral G- rods
may form spherical or coccoid bodies
Bacillus anthracis
G+ rods with blunt ends
tendency to form long chains
able to form capsules
oval central spores
nonmotile
Gram-negative cocci
typically appear in pairs
with the opposing sides flattened
(a "kidney bean" appearance)
nonmotile
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
G+ rods with clubbed ends
(from the Greek
koryne
, club)
nonmotile
often arranged in V forms or palisades
Chinese letter appearance
Salmonella enterica
ssp.
enterica
ser. Typhi
peritrichously flagellated
Gram-negative rods
Bordetella pertussis
G-coccobacilli or short rods
able to form capsules
nonmotile
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid-fast, nonmotile bacilli
(difficult to stain with commonly used dyes at room temperature)
Ziehl-Neelsen stain (red)
cording (grow end to end giving them a rope or cord-like appearance)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
straight or slightly curved
motile G- rods
monotrichous
water-soluble yellow-green pigment
pyoverdine
Treponema pallidum
helical, tightly coiled, motile bacteria
observed by dark-field microscopy
stain poorly with the usual aniline dyes
Yersinia pestis
short rods or coccobacilli
tend to retain staining at the ends of the cells (bipolar staining)
"safety pin" appearance
nonmotile
able to form capsules
Streptococcus pneumoniae
G+ ovoid (lanceolate),
encapsulated cocci
nonmotile
Vibrio cholerae
short, curved G- rods
vibrios
monotrichous
Clostridium tetani
thin anaerobic G+ bacilli with round, terminal spores
become Gram-negative after 24 hrs incubation
motile, peritrichous flagella
Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus)
G+ cocci in chains
able to form capsules
Borrelia burgdorferi
spirochetes
motile
observed by dark-field microscopy
stain poorly with the usual aniline dyes
Legionella pneumophila
thin G- bacilli; stains poorly by Gram stain
monotrichous
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
G- cocci that typically appear in pairs with opposing sides flattened
"kidney bean" appearance
nonmotile
Staphylococcus epidermidis
G+ cocci in clusters
nonmotile
Shigella dysenteriae
nonmotile G- rods
Clostridium perfringens
straight anaerobic bacilli with blunt ends
able to form capsules
spores are rarely seen
(subterminal)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
nonmotile G- rods
able to form capsules
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
highly pleomorphic
coccoid bodies, filaments, spindle-shaped cells
no cell wall
triple-layered membrane with sterols
Haemophilus influenzae
type b (Hib)
G- coccobacilli or pleomorphic
nonmotile
often polysaccharide capsule
Enterococcus faecalis
G+ cocci, often oval
form diplococci and short chains
nonmotile
Helicobacter pylori
curved G- rods
motile with 4-6
lophotrichous flagella
Rickettsia prowazekii
tiny G- rods
nonmotile
stains poorly by Gram stain
obligate intracellular parasites
Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus)
G+ cocci, diplococci
chains of cocci
nonmotile
Pasteurella multocida
small G- coccobacilli
nonmotile
polysaccharide capsule
Lactobacillus
straight G+ rods
usually nonmotile
Moraxella catarrhalis
G- short diplobacilli
nonmotile
Micrococcus luteus
G+ cocci
in tetrads, clusters, pairs and single
nonmotile
